Native to the grasslands of Eurasia, the saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) teeters on the brink of extinction, its population devastated by a critical gender imbalance—driven by decades of rampant poaching of adult males. Once numbering in the millions, these iconic ungulates now struggle to reproduce as male herds are decimated, leaving female-dominated populations unable to sustain genetic diversity.

The Lethal Demand for Male Horns
Male saigas are targeted for their curved, ribbed horns, mistakenly believed in some traditional medicines to possess curative properties. Poachers often leave female and juvenile antelopes unharmed, creating herds where females outnumber males by up to 10:1. This skewed ratio disrupts natural mating patterns, reducing fertility and exposing the species to inbreeding depression. In Kazakhstan’s Ural-Tobol region, surveys show male saigas now comprise less than 5% of adult populations, a stark contrast to the historical 30–40% ratio.

Collapsing Populations and Conservation Desperation
From 1990 to 2015, the global saiga population plummeted from 1.2 million to just 50,000, with poaching accounting for 90% of deaths. Climate change and disease outbreaks have compounded the crisis, but gender imbalance remains the gravest threat. Conservation groups like the Saiga Conservation Alliance are racing to implement anti-poaching patrols, community education programs, and captive breeding initiatives. The species is now listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, with international efforts under way to ban horn trade via CITES regulations.

As scientists warn that saigas could vanish within a decade, their plight highlights the domino effect of human exploitation: by targeting males for superficial gains, we risk erasing an evolutionary marvel that has roamed Eurasian steppes for millions of years. The race to restore gender balance in saiga herds is not just a fight for one species—but a test of humanity’s ability to reverse the consequences of its own destructive habits.